Monitoring Fault



Vocabulary


Creep Meters: A creep meter uses a wire stretched across the fault to measure movement of the ground.
Laser-Ranging Devices: It uses a laser beam to detect fault movements.
Tiltmeters: A tiltmeter measures the tilting of the ground.
Satellite Monitors: The satellite bounces off radio waves off the ground.

Outline



Devices that Monitor Faults

  • There are four instruments that geologists put in place that measure stress and deformation in the crust.
  • Creep Meters
    • A creep meter uses a wire stretched across a fault to measure movement of the ground.
    • On the other side, the the wire is anchored to a post.
    • On the other side of the wire, it is attached to a weight that can slide if the fault moves.
      • Geologists can measure the amount the moved by measuring how much the weight have moved.
  • Laser-ranging devices
    • It uses a laser beam to detect tiny fault movements.
      • It calculates any change in the time needed for the laser beam to taavel to the reflector and back.
      • The device can detect change in the distance to the reflector.
  • Tiltmeters
    • It measures tilting of the ground.
    • A tiltmeter is like a carpenter's level.
      • There is two bulbs that are filled with a liquid and connected with a hollow stem.
      • Geologists fill the tiltmeter with water and if the land rises or falls, the water in the two bulbs will tilt.
      • Liquid will slightly flow from one bulb from another.
      • Each bulb contains a measuring scale to measure the depth of the bulbs.
        • Geologists read the scales to measure the amount occurring along any fault.
  • Satellite Monitors
    • Geologists use satellites equipped with radar to make images of faults.
      • The satellites bounces off radio waves off the ground.
      • The time it takes for the waves to make their round trip provides measurements of the distance to the ground.
        • Geologists compares changes of the ground taken at the same places, at the different time.

Monitoring Risk in the United States

  • Even with a lot of data, geologists can not predict accurately when and where an earthquake will strike.
    • Exactly what will happen during an earthquake is always uncertain.
      • Geologists do know where earthquakes are likely to happen.


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